解决OSPF 孤岛问题
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 不建立 virtual-link 以前配置及路由表
r1 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r1 r1(config)#no ip domain-lookup r1(config)#ena sec 123 r1(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r1# r1(config)#line vty 0 4 r1(config-line)#no login r1(config-line)#line con 0 r1(config-line)#no exec-timeout r1(config-line)#int lo0 r1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 r1(config-if)#des router-id r1(config-if)#int f 0/0 r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 r1(config-if)#des link to r2 r1(config-if)#no shut r1(config-if)#router ospf 1 r1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 r1(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 r1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 r1(config-router)#end r1# r2 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r2 r2(config)#no ip domain-lookup r2(config)#ena sec 123 r2(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r2# r2(config)#line vty 0 4 r2(config-line)#no login r2(config-line)#line con 0 r2(config-line)#no exec-timeout r2(config-line)#int lo0 r2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 r2(config-if)#des router-id r2(config-if)#int f 0/0 r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#des link to r3 r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#int f 1/0 r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#des link to r1 r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#router ospf 1 r2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 r2(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 r2(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 r2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 r2(config-router)#end r2# r3 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r3 r3(config)#no ip domain-lookup r3(config)#ena sec 123 r3(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r3# r3(config)#line vty 0 4 r3(config-line)#no login r3(config-line)#line con 0 r3(config-line)#no exec-timeout r3(config-line)#int lo0 r3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 r3(config-if)#des router-id r3(config-if)#int f 0/0 r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 r3(config-if)#des link to r4 r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#int f 1/0 r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 r3(config-if)#des link to r2 r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#router ospf 1 r3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 r3(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4 r3(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 r3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 2 r3(config-router)#end r3# r1 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r4 r4(config)#no ip domain-lookup r4(config)#ena sec 123 r4(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r4# r4(config)#line vty 0 4 r4(config-line)#no login r4(config-line)#line con 0 r4(config-line)#no exec-timeout r4(config-line)#int lo0 r4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 r4(config-if)#des router-id r4(config-if)#int f 0/0 r4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 r4(config-if)#des link to r3 r4(config-if)#no shut r4(config-if)#router ospf 1 r4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 r4(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4 r4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 4 r4(config-router)#end r4# r1 无法获取r4 的路由信息
r1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/3] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 r4 什么也看不到 r4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 建立虚链路以后的配置与路由表
r1 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r1 r1(config)#no ip domain-lookup r1(config)#ena sec 123 r1(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r1# r1(config)#line vty 0 4 r1(config-line)#no login r1(config-line)#line con 0 r1(config-line)#no exec-timeout r1(config-line)#int lo0 r1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 r1(config-if)#des router-id r1(config-if)#int f 0/0 r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 r1(config-if)#des link to r2 r1(config-if)#no shut r1(config-if)#router ospf 1 r1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 r1(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 r1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 r1(config-router)#end r1# r2 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r2 r2(config)#no ip domain-lookup r2(config)#ena sec 123 r2(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r2# r2(config)#line vty 0 4 r2(config-line)#no login r2(config-line)#line con 0 r2(config-line)#no exec-timeout r2(config-line)#int lo0 r2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 r2(config-if)#des router-id r2(config-if)#int f 0/0 r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#des link to r3 r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#int f 1/0 r2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 r2(config-if)#des link to r1 r2(config-if)#no shut r2(config-if)#router ospf 1 r2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 r2(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 r2(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 r2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 r2(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 r2(config-router)#end r2# r3 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r3 r3(config)#no ip domain-lookup r3(config)#ena sec 123 r3(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r3# r3(config)#line vty 0 4 r3(config-line)#no login r3(config-line)#line con 0 r3(config-line)#no exec-timeout r3(config-line)#int lo0 r3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 r3(config-if)#des router-id r3(config-if)#int f 0/0 r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 r3(config-if)#des link to r4 r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#int f 1/0 r3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 r3(config-if)#des link to r2 r3(config-if)#no shut r3(config-if)#router ospf 1 r3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 r3(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4 r3(config-router)#net 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 r3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 2 r3(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 r3(config-router)#end r3# r1 配置
router>en
router#conf t router(config)#host r4 r4(config)#no ip domain-lookup r4(config)#ena sec 123 r4(config)#ban mot #Welcome to r4# r4(config)#line vty 0 4 r4(config-line)#no login r4(config-line)#line con 0 r4(config-line)#no exec-timeout r4(config-line)#int lo0 r4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 r4(config-if)#des router-id r4(config-if)#int f 0/0 r4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 r4(config-if)#des link to r3 r4(config-if)#no shut r4(config-if)#router ospf 1 r4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 r4(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 4 r4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 4 r4(config-router)#end r4# r1出现了r4 的信息
r1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/3] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/4] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 r1# r4 有了路由信息
r4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/4] via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:09, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:09, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:01:49, FastEthernet0/0 r4# 采用虚链路的方法，跨越的区域必须有完整的路由信息。也就是说area2 不能是末梢区域，完全末梢区域等特殊类型的区域。而且跨越的区域因为有了完整的路由信息，会增加路由器的负载。在生产环境中要特别注意防止崩溃的发生。
虚链路总是建立在ABR路由器之间的，至少它们之中有一个ABR路由器是必须和区域0相连的。在每一台ARB路由器的OSPF进程配置里，通过添加virtual-link命令来配置一条虚链路，并指定了这条虚链路要穿过的区域和这条链路远端的ABR的路由器ID。 本文出自 “人类一思考，上帝都发笑” 博客，转载请与作者联系！ 本文出自 51CTO.COM技术博客 |
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